diff --git a/src/mongo/db/commands/fle2_compact_cmd.cpp b/src/mongo/db/commands/fle2_compact_cmd.cpp
index 4c90ec23e27..d4d6484105e 100644
--- a/src/mongo/db/commands/fle2_compact_cmd.cpp
+++ b/src/mongo/db/commands/fle2_compact_cmd.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ CompactStats compactEncryptedCompactionCollection(OperationContext* opCtx,
               "Resuming compaction from a stale ECOC collection",
               logAttrs(namespaces.ecocRenameNss));
     }
-
+    sleepFor(Milliseconds(5000));
     if (!ecoc) {
         if (MONGO_unlikely(fleCompactHangBeforeECOCCreateUnsharded.shouldFail())) {
             LOGV2(7299601, "Hanging due to fleCompactHangBeforeECOCCreateUnsharded fail point");
diff --git a/jstests/fle2/insert_encrypted_documents.js b/jstests/fle2/insert_encrypted_documents.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d51e08a9ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jstests/fle2/insert_encrypted_documents.js
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+ * Creates a QE collection, starts compaction and concurrently inserts 10 documents with encrypted fields.
+ *
+ * @tags: [
+ *   no_selinux,
+ *   does_not_support_transactions,
+ *   does_not_support_stepdowns,
+ * ]
+ */
+import {
+    EncryptedClient,
+    isEnterpriseShell,
+} from "jstests/fle2/libs/encrypted_client_util.js";
+import {funWithArgs} from "jstests/libs/parallel_shell_helpers.js";
+
+if (!isEnterpriseShell()) {
+    jsTestLog("Skipping test as it requires the enterprise module");
+    quit();
+}
+
+const dbName = "test";
+const collName = "coll";
+
+function getEcocOptions(){
+    return db.runCommand({listCollections: 1, filter: {name: 'enxcol_.' + collName + '.ecoc'}}).cursor.firstBatch[0].options;
+}
+
+const testDB = db.getSiblingDB(dbName);
+testDB.dropDatabase();
+
+const client = new EncryptedClient(db.getMongo(), dbName);
+
+assert.commandWorked(
+    client.createEncryptionCollection(collName, {
+        encryptedFields: {
+            fields: [
+                {path: "ssn", bsonType: "string", queries: {queryType: "equality"}}
+            ],
+        },
+    }),
+);
+
+assert.neq(undefined, getEcocOptions().clusteredIndex);
+
+// Run compactStructuredEncryptionData in a parallel shell. The shell bootstraps its own
+// encrypted connection (same local KMS key + key vault) so it can generate the compaction
+// tokens the command requires.
+const runCompact = function(dbName, collName) {
+    const conn = db.getMongo();
+    conn.setAutoEncryption({
+        kmsProviders: {
+            local: {
+                key: BinData(
+                    0,
+                    "/tu9jUCBqZdwCelwE/EAm/4WqdxrSMi04B8e9uAV+m30rI1J2nhKZZtQjdvsSCwuI4erR6IEcEK+5eGUAODv43NDNIR9QheT2edWFewUfHKsl9cnzTc86meIzOmYl6dr",
+                ),
+            },
+        },
+        keyVaultNamespace: dbName + ".keystore",
+        schemaMap: {},
+    });
+    conn.toggleAutoEncryption(true);
+    const reply = assert.commandWorked(db.getSiblingDB(dbName)[collName].compact());
+    jsTestLog("compactStructuredEncryptionData reply: " + tojson(reply));
+    conn.toggleAutoEncryption(false);
+    conn.unsetAutoEncryption();
+};
+const joinCompact = startParallelShell(funWithArgs(runCompact, dbName, collName), db.getMongo().port);
+
+client.runEncryptionOperation(() => {
+    const ecoll = client.getDB()[collName];
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+        const ssn = `${String(i).padStart(3, "0")}-00-0000`;
+        assert.commandWorked(ecoll.insertOne({
+            _id: i,
+            ssn: ssn,
+        }));
+        sleep(1000);
+    }
+});
+
+jsTestLog("Waiting for compactStructuredEncryptionData to finish");
+joinCompact();
+
+// This will fail because the ECOC collection has been implicitly created
+// by an insert while compaction was ongoing
+assert.neq(undefined, getEcocOptions().clusteredIndex, "ECOC collection missing clustered index");

./buildscripts/resmoke.py run --suite=fle2 --mongodSetParameters='{logComponentVerbosity: {verbosity: 1}}' --storageEngine=wiredTiger --jobs=1 --storageEngineCacheSizeGB=0.5 --dbpath=/tmp/testpath jstests/fle2/insert_encrypted_documents.js >| out.txt