Ensure HealthObserver::periodicCheckImpl() implementations handle exceptions and return an appropriate failing health check status when one occurs

The attached build failure occurs due to the FaultManager thread throwing an exception while the server was shutting down. The exception exits a noexcept method, which causes the server to crash. This ticket is to audit the implementations of HealthObserverBase::periodicCheck to ensure that the functions return a failing health check status on exception.